Mudziyo wekuchenesa Hydrogen yeMagetsi

Nekuwedzera kuri kuita kutsvaga simba rakachena pasi rose uye budiriro inoenderera mberi, simba rehydrogen, senzira inotakura simba rakachena uye inoshanda, riri kupinda zvishoma nezvishoma mumaonero evanhu. Sechisungo chakakosha muchikamu cheindasitiri yesimba rehydrogen, tekinoroji yekuchenesa hydrogen haingonetsi chete kuchengetedzeka nekuvimbika kwesimba rehydrogen, asiwo inokanganisa zvakananga mashandisirwo aro uye mabhenefiti ehupfumi esimba rehydrogen.

1. Zvinodiwa zvehydrogen yechigadzirwa

Hydrogen, semugadziri wezvinhu zvemakemikari uye simba, ine zvinodiwa zvakasiyana zvekuchena uye kusvibiswa mumamiriro akasiyana ekushandiswa. Mukugadzirwa kweammonia yakagadzirwa, methanol nezvimwe zvigadzirwa zvemakemikari, kuitira kudzivirira chepfu ye catalyst uye kuona kuti chigadzirwa chakanaka, sulfides nezvimwe zvinhu zvine chepfu mugasi rekudya zvinofanirwa kubviswa pachine nguva kuti zvideredze kusvibiswa kuti zvienderane nezvinodiwa. Muminda yemaindasitiri yakaita sesimbi, ceramics, girazi, uye semiconductors, gasi rehydrogen rinosangana zvakananga nezvigadzirwa, uye zvinodiwa zvekuchena uye kusvibiswa zvakanyanya. Semuenzaniso, muindasitiri ye semiconductor, hydrogen inoshandiswa kune maitiro akadai sekugadzirira kristalo ne substrate, oxidation, annealing, nezvimwewo, izvo zvine miganho yakanyanya pakusvibiswa senge oxygen, mvura, heavy hydrocarbons, hydrogen sulfide, nezvimwewo muhydrogen.

2. Nheyo yekushanda kwekubvisa oxygen

Pasi pechiito che catalyst, huwandu hushoma hweokisijeni muhydrogen hunogona kuita pamwe chete nehydrogen kugadzira mvura, zvichiita kuti chinangwa che deoxygenation chivepo. Mhinduro iyi i exothermic reaction, uye reaction equation ndeiyi inotevera:

2H ₂+O ₂ (chinokonzeresa) -2H ₂ O+Q

Nekuti maumbirwo, hunhu hwemakemikari, uye mhando ye catalyst pachayo hazvichinje pamberi uye mushure mekuita, catalyst inogona kushandiswa nguva dzose pasina kudzoreredza.

Deoxidizer ine chimiro chesilinda chemukati nekunze, chine catalyst yakazadzwa pakati pemasilinda ekunze nemukati. Chikamu chekupisa chemagetsi chisingaputike chakaiswa mukati mesilinda yemukati, uye masensa maviri ekupisa ari pamusoro nepasi pe catalyst packing kuti aone uye adzore tembiricha ye reaction. Silinda yekunze yakaputirwa ne insulation layer kudzivirira kurasikirwa nekupisa uye kudzivirira kupisa. Hydrogen isina kubikwa inopinda mu silinda yemukati ichibva kumusoro kwe deoxidizer, inodziiswa ne electric heating element, uye inoyerera nepa catalyst bed kubva pasi kuenda kumusoro. Okisijeni iri mu raw hydrogen inosangana ne hydrogen pasi pe action ye catalyst kuti ibudise mvura. Okisijeni iri mu hydrogen inoyerera ichibva pasi pe outlet inogona kuderedzwa kusvika pasi pe 1ppm. Mvura inogadzirwa nemusanganiswa inoyerera ichibuda mu deoxidizer muchimiro chegasi ne hydrogen gas, inoungana mu hydrogen cooler inotevera, inosefa mu air-water separator, uye inoburitswa mu system.

3. Musimboti wekushanda kwekuoma

Kuomeswa kwegasi rehydrogen kunoshandisa nzira yekumunyisa, uchishandisa masieve emolecular semunyiko. Mushure mekuomeswa, dova regasi rehydrogen rinogona kusvika pasi pe -70 ℃. Masieve emolecular imhando yemusanganiswa wealuminosilicate une cubic lattice, iyo inoumba makomba akawanda ehukuru hwakafanana mukati mushure mekushaikwa kwemvura uye ine nzvimbo yakakura kwazvo. Masieve emolecular anonzi masieve emolecular nekuti anogona kuparadzanisa mamorekuru ane maumbirwo akasiyana, dhayamita, polarities, boiling points, uye saturation levels.

Mvura imorekuru ine polar yakawanda, uye mamorekuru anosefa ane simba guru remvura. Kusefa kwemamorekuru kunosefa muviri, uye kana kusefa kwazara, zvinotora nguva kuti zvipise uye zvidzokezve zvisati zvasefa zvakare. Saka, maomesa maviri anosanganisirwa mumudziyo wekuchenesa, mumwe uchishanda mumwe uchigadzirazve, kuitira kuti pave nechokwadi chekuti gasi rehydrogen rinogara richigadzirwa nedova.

Chinoomesa chine chimiro chesilinda chemukati nekunze, chine adsorbent yakazadzwa pakati pemasirinda ekunze nemukati. Chikamu chekupisa chemagetsi chisingaputike chakaiswa mukati mesirinda yemukati, uye masensa maviri ekupisa ari pamusoro nepasi pechinoomesa molecular sieve kuti aone uye adzore tembiricha ye reaction. Sirinda yekunze yakaputirwa neinsulation layer kudzivirira kurasikirwa nekupisa uye kudzivirira kutsva. Kufamba kwemhepo mumamiriro ekuomesesa (kusanganisira mamiriro ekutanga neechipiri ekushanda) uye mamiriro ekugadzirisazve zvinodzoserwa kumashure. Mumamiriro ekuomesesa, pombi yepamusoro ndiyo inoburitsa gasi uye pombi yepasi ndiyo inopinza gasi. Mumamiriro ekugadzirisazve, pombi yepamusoro ndiyo inopinza gasi uye pombi yepasi ndiyo inoburitsa gasi. Sisitimu yekuomesesa inogona kukamurwa kuita matower dryer maviri nematower dryer matatu zvichienderana nehuwandu hwema dryer.

4. Maitiro maviri eshongwe

Michina miviri yekuomesa inoiswa mumudziyo, iyo inochinjana uye inoberekazve mukati menguva imwe chete (maawa makumi mana nemasere) kuti mudziyo wese urambe uchishanda. Mushure mekuomesa, dova rehydrogen rinogona kusvika pasi pe -60 ℃. Munguva yekushanda (maawa makumi mana nemasere), michina yekuomesa A naB inosangana nemamiriro ekushanda uye ekuvandudza, zvichiteerana.

Mukuchinja-chinja kamwe chete, muchina wekuomesa unosangana nemamiriro maviri: mamiriro ekushanda uye mamiriro ekugadzirisa.

·Mamiriro ekugadzirisa: Huwandu hwegasi rinogadzirwa huzere negasi. Mamiriro ekugadzirisa anosanganisira danho rekupisa uye danho rekutonhodza rinoputika;

1) Danho rekudziisa - hita iri mukati memuchina wekuomesa inoshanda, uye inomira yoga kudziisa kana tembiricha yepamusoro yasvika pamutengo wakatarwa kana nguva yekudziya yasvika pamutengo wakatarwa;

2) Danho rekutonhodza - Kana mudziyo wekuomesa wamira kudziyisa, mweya unoramba uchiyerera nemumudziyo wekuomesa munzira yekutanga kuti utonhodze kusvika mudziyo wekuomesa wachinja kuita basa.

·Mamiriro ekushanda: Huwandu hwemhepo inogadzirwa hwakazara, uye hita iri mukati memuchina wekuomesa haisi kushanda.

5. Mafambiro ebasa eshongwe nhatu

Parizvino, maitiro etatu-tower anoshandiswa zvakanyanya. Michina mitatu yekuomesa yakaiswa mumudziyo, ine ma desiccant (ma molecular seeves) ane simba guru rekusveta mvura uye anodzivirira kupisa zvakanaka. Michina mitatu yekuomesa inochinjana pakati pekushanda, kugadzikiswazve, uye kusveta mvura kuti mudziyo wese ushande nguva dzose. Mushure mekuomesa, dova rehydrogen gasi rinogona kusvika pasi pe -70 ℃.

Munguva yekuchinja-chinja, muchina wekuomesa unopfuura nenzira nhatu: kushanda, kunyungudutsa, uye kugadzikiswa. Pamamiriro ega ega, muchina wekutanga wekuomesa unopinda negasi rehydrogen mushure mekubviswa kweoxygen, kutonhora, uye kusefa mvura unowanikwa:

1) Mamiriro ekushanda: Huremu hwegasi rekugadzirisa hwakazara, hita iri mukati memuchina wekuomesa haisi kushanda, uye medium yacho igesi rehydrogen risina kucheneswa nemvura;

Nzvimbo yechipiri yekuomesa iri pa:

2) Mamiriro ekugadzirisa: 20% vhoriyamu yegesi: Mamiriro ekugadzirisa anosanganisira danho rekupisa uye danho rekutonhodza rinoputika;

Danho rekudziisa - hita iri mukati memuchina wekuomesa inoshanda, uye inomira yoga kudziisa kana tembiricha yepamusoro yasvika pamutengo wakatarwa kana nguva yekudziya yasvika pamutengo wakatarwa;

Danho rekutonhodza - Kana mudziyo wekuomesa wamira kudziyisa, mweya unoramba uchiyerera nemumudziyo wekuomesa uri munzira yekutanga kuti utonhodze kusvika mudziyo wekuomesa wachinja kuita basa; Kana mudziyo wekuomesa wava padanho rekudzoreredza, mudziyo wacho unobviswa mvura negasi rehydrogen rakaoma;

Nzvimbo yechitatu yekuomesa iri pa:

3) Mamiriro ekunyudzwa kwemvura: Huremu hwegasi rinogadzirwa i20%, hita iri mudhiraivha haisi kushanda, uye medium yacho igesi rehydrogen rekugadzirisa.