Kuedza kusingaparadzi: Mhando uye mashandisirwo

Chii chinonzi Non-Destructive Testing?

Kuedza kusiri-kuparadza inzira inoshanda inobvumira vaongorori kuunganidza data pasina kukuvadza chigadzirwa. Inoshandiswa kuongorora kukanganisa uye kuora mukati mezvinhu pasina disassembly kana kuparadzwa kwechigadzirwa.

Kuongororwa kusiri-kuparadza (NDT) uye kusiri-kuparadza kuongorora (NDI) mazwi akafanana anoreva kuyedza pasina kukanganisa chinhu. Mune mamwe mazwi, NDT inoshandiswa pakuedza kusiri-kuparadza, nepo NDI ichishandiswa kupasa/kutadza kuongorora.
Mune zvimwe zviitiko, kuyedza kusiri-kuparadza (NDT) uye kusiri-kuparadza kuongorora (NDI) kunogona kushandiswa zvakasiyana, zvese zvichireva kuyedzwa kwezvinhu pasina kukanganisa. Mune mamwe mazwi, NDT inoshandiswa pakuedza kusiri-kuparadza, nepo NDI ichishandiswa kupasa/kutadza kuongorora. Sezvo chikamu ichi chinosanganisirawo nzira dzeNDT pasi pekuongororwa kusingaparadze, zvinokurudzirwa kusiyanisa pakati pezviviri izvi zvichienderana nekushandisa kwako uye chinangwa.

Zvinangwa zviviri zveNDT ndezvi:

Kuongororwa kwemhando: Kutarisa nyaya mune zvigadzirwa zvakagadzirwa uye zvikamu. Semuenzaniso, yaishandiswa kuongorora kukanda shrinkage, hurema hwewelding, nezvimwe.

Hupenyu kuongorora: Kusimbisa kushanda kwakachengeteka kwechigadzirwa. Inogona kushandiswa kutarisa kusaenzana mukushandiswa kwenguva refu kwezvivakwa uye zvivakwa.
Zvakanakira Non-destructive Testing

Kuedza kusiri-kuparadza kunopa nzira dzakachengeteka uye dzinoshanda dzekuongorora zvinhu nenzira inotevera.

Kururamisa kwepamusoro, nyore kuwana kukanganisa kusingaonekwe kubva kumusoro.
Hapana kukuvadzwa kwezvinhu, zviripo kune zvese kuongororwa.
Kuwedzera kuvimbika kwechigadzirwa
Ziva kugadzirisa kana kutsiva nenguva
Chikonzero nei kuyedza kusingaparadzi kwakanyatso uye kunoshanda ndechekuti inogona kuona kukanganisa kwemukati kwechinhu pasina kukuvadza. Iyi nzira yakafanana ne-X-ray yekuongorora, iyo inogona kuratidza nzvimbo yekuputsika iyo yakaoma kutonga kubva kunze.

Kusina-kuparadza kuyedzwa (NDT) kunogona kushandiswa kuongororwa chigadzirwa chisati chatumirwa, sezvo nzira iyi isingasvibise kana kukuvadza chigadzirwa. Izvi zvinobatsira kuve nechokwadi chekuti zvigadzirwa zvese zvakaongororwa zvinowana kuongororwa kuri nani, izvo zvinowedzera kuvimbika kwechigadzirwa. Zvisinei, mune zvimwe zviitiko, matanho akawanda ekugadzirira anogona kudiwa, izvo zvinogona kunge zvichidhura.

Nzira Dzakajairwa NDT Nzira

Kune akati wandei maitiro anoshandiswa mukusaparadza kuyedza, uye ane madhigirii akasiyana zvichienderana nekuremara kana zvinhu zvinowongororwa.

Radiographic Testing (RT)

Non-destructive test (NDT) inogona kushandiswa kuongororwa isati yatumirwa zvinhu, sezvo nzira iyi isingasvibise kana kukuvadza chigadzirwa. Izvi zvinobatsira kuve nechokwadi chekuti zvigadzirwa zvese zvakaongororwa zvinowana kuongororwa kuri nani, nekudaro zvichiwedzera kuvimbika kwechigadzirwa. Zvisinei, mune dzimwe nguva, matanho akawanda ekugadzirira angadiwa, ayo anogona kunge achidhura. Radiographic test (RT) inoshandisa X-rays uye gamma rays kuongorora zvinhu. RT inoona hurema nekushandisa misiyano muukobvu hwemufananidzo pamakona akasiyana. Computerized tomography (CT) ndeimwe yemaindasitiri NDT yekufungidzira nzira inopa muchinjika-chikamu uye 3D mifananidzo yezvinhu panguva yekuongorora. Ichi chimiro chinobvumira kuongororwa kwakadzama kwehurema hwemukati kana ukobvu. Inokodzera kuyerwa kwehupamhi hwemarata esimbi uye kuongorora kwemukati kwezvivakwa. Usati washandisa sisitimu, zvimwe zvinofungwa zvinofanirwa kuverengerwa: kungwarira kwakanyanya kunoda kushandiswa mukushandiswa kwemwaranzi. RT inoshandiswa pakuongorora kwemukati kwe lithium-ion mabhatiri uye mabhodhi emagetsi emagetsi. Inogona zvakare kushandiswa kuona kukanganisa mumapombi uye welds akaiswa mumagetsi zvidyarwa, mafekitori, uye zvimwe zvivakwa.

Ultrasonic Testing (UT)

Ultrasonic bvunzo (UT) inoshandisa mafungu e ultrasonic kuona zvinhu. Nekuyera kuratidzwa kwemasaisai eruzha pamusoro pezvinhu, UT inogona kuona mamiriro emukati ezvinhu. UT inowanzoshandiswa mumaindasitiri mazhinji senzira isingaparadze yekuyedza iyo isingakuvadze zvinhu. Inoshandiswa kuona kukanganisa kwemukati mune zvigadzirwa uye kukanganisa mune homogeneous zvinhu senge akakungurutswa coils. UT masisitimu akachengeteka uye ari nyore kushandisa, asi ane zvisingakwanisi kana zvasvika kune zvisina kurongeka maumbirwo. Iwo anoshandiswa kuona kukanganisa kwemukati mune zvigadzirwa uye kuongorora homogeneous zvinhu senge akakungurutswa coils.

Eddy Yazvino (Electromagnetic) Kuedza (ET)

Mukuyedzwa kweeddy current (EC), coil ine alternating current inoiswa pedyo nepamusoro pechinhu. Ikozvino mucoil inogadzira eddy inotenderera pedyo nepamusoro pechinhu, ichitevera musimboti weelectromagnetic induction. Kukanganiswa kwepamusoro, kwakadai sekutsemuka, kunozoonekwa. EC kuyedzwa ndiyo imwe yedzakajairika isingaparadze nzira dzekuyedza iyo inoda kusati kwagadziriswa kana post-kugadzirisa. Yakanyatsokodzera kuyera ukobvu, kuongorora kwekuvaka, uye mamwe minda, uye inowanzoshandiswa mukugadzira zvidyarwa. Nekudaro, EC kuyedzwa kunogona chete kuona conductive zvinhu.

Magnetic Particle Testing (MT)

Magnetic Particle Testing (MT) inoshandiswa kuona kuremara pasi pepamusoro pezvinhu mumhinduro yekuongorora ine magineti poda. electric current inoiswa pachinhu kuti chitarise nekushandura magineti poda patani pamusoro pechinhu chacho. Kana iyo yazvino ikasangana nekuremara ipapo, ichagadzira iyo flux leakage munda uko hurema huripo.
Inoshandiswa kuona mitswe isina kudzika/yakatsemuka pamusoro, uye inowanikwa kune dzimwe ndege, motokari, uye njanji.

Penetrant Testing (PT)

Penetrant test (PT) zvinoreva nzira yekuzadza mukati mechinhu chakaremara nekushandisa chinopinza pachinhu uchishandisa capillary action. Mushure mekugadzirisa, iyo yepamusoro inopinda inobviswa. Penetrant iyo yakapinda mukati mekuremara haigoni kushambidzwa uye inochengetwa. Nekupa mugadziri, hurema hunotorwa uye hunoonekwa. PT inokodzera chete kutariswa kwekuremara kwepasi, inoda kugadziridzwa kwenguva refu uye yakawanda nguva, uye haina kukodzera kuongororwa kwemukati. Inoshandiswa kuongorora turbojet injini turbine blades uye mota zvikamu.

Dzimwe nzira

Iyo sando yekukanganisa yekuongorora system inowanzobatwa nevashandisi vanoongorora mamiriro emukati mechinhu nekuchirova nekuteerera kune inobuda ruzha. Iyi nzira inoshandisa musimboti mumwechete apo teacup isina kusimba inoburitsa ruzha rwakajeka kana yarohwa, nepo yakatyoka ichiburitsa ruzha rusina kusimba. Iyi nzira yekuyedza inoshandiswawo kuongorora mabhaudhi akasununguka, maaxle enjanji, uye madziro ekunze. Kuongorora kwekuona ndiyo imwe yedzakareruka uye inowanzoshandiswa isingaparadze nzira dzekuedza apo vashandi vanoongorora chitarisiko chekunze chechinhu. Kusina-kuparadza kuyedzwa kunopa mabhenefiti mukutonga kwemhando yekukandira, forgings, zvigadzirwa zvakatenderedzwa, mapaipi, welding maitiro, nezvimwe, nekudaro kuvandudza kuchengetedzeka uye kuvimbika kwekumisikidzwa kwemaindasitiri. Inoshandiswawo kuchengetedza zvifambiso zvekufambisa zvakaita semabhiriji, migero, mavhiri enjanji nemaaxle, ndege, ngarava, mota, pamwe nekuongorora maturbines, pombi, uye matangi emvura ezvidyarwa zvemagetsi uye humwe hupenyu hwemazuva ese. Uyezve, kushandiswa kwehunyanzvi hweNDT munzvimbo dzisiri dzemaindasitiri senge zvisaririra zvetsika, mabasa emifananidzo, kupatsanurwa kwemichero, uye kuyedza kwekufungidzira kwekupisa kuri kuwedzera kukosha.